A director of the educational institute – the Masaryk Democratic Academy. He is a former European Commissioner for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities (2004-2010), Prime Minister of the Czech Republic (2002-2004) and Minister of Labour and Social Affairs (1998-2002). He studied history at the Faculty of Arts of Charles University in Prague. He focuses on the future of labour, climate and energy transformation and the necessary social and public policy responses. Among his topics of interest is also the impact of artificial intelligence on the operation of political parties and society.